Marketing Spark
All episodes
From Marketing Spark · Nov 23, 2022

What Does a Fractional CMO Actually Do?

Most CEOs hire a fractional CMO expecting a magic lead machine. Then three months in, they're staring at a retainer invoice wondering what they got. The disconnect isn't the model — it's that nobody agreed on what the work actually is.

What Does a Fractional CMO Actually Do?

Most CEOs hire a fractional CMO expecting a magic lead machine. Then three months in, they're staring at a retainer invoice wondering what they got. The disconnect isn't the model — it's that nobody agreed on what the work actually is.

Drawn from Marketing Spark Episode 105 with Malcolm Lewis, fractional CMO and B2B positioning specialist.

The question to ask isn't "do I need one"

I've already written the case against most fractional CMO hires on the cornerstone page — that's the right place to start if you're weighing whether to bring one in at all. This piece is for the next question, which almost nobody answers honestly before signing the contract: what is the person actually going to do on a Tuesday?

That ambiguity is where engagements go sideways. The CEO is picturing pipeline. The fractional CMO is picturing customer interviews and a positioning workshop. Neither is wrong. They're just not the same job, and the gap between them shows up around month three when the spreadsheet says "marketing leadership" and the inbox says "where are the leads."

Malcolm Lewis has been running fractional CMO engagements with B2B SaaS founders for a couple of years. When I asked him to define the role on the podcast, he didn't reach for the usual "part-time C-suite executive" line. He broke it into two jobs that have to happen in order — strategic foundation first, tactical delivery second — and then was blunt about what gets the work stuck. What follows is his playbook, with a few of my own notes from running the same kind of engagement.

Job one: translate the business goal into a story

Malcolm's definition is the cleanest I've heard: a fractional CMO translates business goals into marketing strategy, then into tactical execution. The CEO says "grow product X revenue by 40%." The fractional CMO turns that into targeting, positioning, messaging, and a tactical plan that can actually move the number.

The first deliverable is almost always the customer story. Not a tagline. The full thing — who you sell to, the problem you solve, why you're the obvious choice, and the three or four reasons-to-believe that hold it up. Malcolm calls this the "strategic foundation," and he won't start tactical work until it's in place. The argument is mechanical: if your story is weak, your demand gen is producing garbage leads, your sales deck is losing deals, and your onboarding is bleeding customers. Fix tactics on top of a broken story and you've made the bleeding faster, not slower.

So job one is research and synthesis. Talk to a half-dozen happy customers. Talk to the top sales rep. Talk to customer success. Distill what those conversations tell you about why people actually buy and what they actually value. Then write the story so all four functions — marketing, sales, success, product — are saying the same thing.

Job two: deliver the story through tactical programs

Once the story's nailed, the fractional CMO's job shifts to making sure it shows up everywhere a prospect or customer touches the company. Website headline. Subhead. Sales deck title slide. The elevator pitch the rep uses at the trade show. The drip campaign. The G2 listing. The LinkedIn company page and every employee profile.

This is where Malcolm's process gets specific. He doesn't just hand the CEO a positioning doc and walk away. He bakes the new story into a landing page, runs it past prospects and customer proxies alongside the old story, and shows the CEO real data: what percentage of people preferred the new version. That's a quick win you can deliver inside six to eight weeks — proof the new story works before you've touched a single demand gen program.

Then the story flows into demand gen (better engagement, better conversion), into sales enablement (shorter cycles, bigger deals, fewer discounts), and into customer success (better onboarding, less churn). The fractional CMO oversees all of it. They don't do all of it. That's the part most CEOs miss.

What a fractional CMO does NOT do

This is the line that breaks more engagements than any other. A fractional CMO is not a one-person marketing team. They're not writing the emails. They're not building the landing pages in Webflow. They're not running the LinkedIn ads at 11pm.

Malcolm puts it bluntly: if a fractional CMO is doing all the execution, by definition they're not fractional anymore — they wouldn't have time for a second client. The whole model assumes you've either got existing marketing firepower (a coordinator, a designer, a demand gen person) or you're willing to rent it. Specialists do specialist work. The fractional CMO sets the direction, reviews the output, brainstorms with the team, and makes sure everything is rolling toward the same scoreboard.

When a CEO pays a retainer and then expects tactical execution thrown in for free, the engagement turns sour fast. The fractional CMO either burns out trying to deliver or starts saying no, and neither ends well. The fix is to spell it out before you sign — what's in scope, what's out of scope, and who does the work that's out of scope.

How a good engagement gets started: three things to lock down

Malcolm's said he's gotten better at onboarding the more he's done it. His current process is three pieces, and each one is there to prevent a specific failure mode.

One: alignment on process and priorities. Get explicit CEO and head-of-sales buy-in that the story comes first, demand gen comes second. If you can't get that buy-in, walk. Malcolm does. He says he asks one qualifying question — do you believe a strong story is a prerequisite to quality leads — and if the answer's no, he passes on the engagement.

Two: a scoreboard with baselines. Before you change anything, baseline the metrics that matter — landing page conversion, win rates, sales cycle length, deal size, discount frequency, churn, NPS. Then measure them again after the new story rolls out. You need this so that month three, when the CEO asks what they're paying for, you can point at numbers instead of vibes.

Three: quick wins inside six to eight weeks. The CEO and the head of sales are impatient. You can give them real wins early — case studies above the fold on the homepage, customer success stories at the top of the sales deck instead of buried on slide 28, drip emails that lead with proof instead of product features. Malcolm rebuilt one company's homepage so the right half above the fold was rotating case studies — twenty of them, each linking to a one-page story. Quick to ship, immediate impact on conversion.

You can shortcut the story optimization process. For companies that have a lot of happy customers — at least a dozen — you can get it done in four to six weeks, maybe less if you really put time into it. That's much better than three to four months. And set that expectation upfront. In four to six weeks, I can give you a new customer story that will probably work better. In the meantime, I want you to start running customer case studies at the top of your website, and replace product-benefit emails with emails that showcase customer success.

— Malcolm Lewis, fractional CMO

Story CMO vs. demand-gen CMO: pick the right one

Here's the bit most companies skip when they go shopping. Fractional CMOs come in two flavors, and the labels look identical from the outside.

Strategic / story CMOs are former product marketers. They're black belts at targeting, positioning, messaging, and the customer research that feeds all three. They diagnose story problems and rebuild the foundation. Malcolm is one. I'm one.

Demand-gen CMOs are former heads of demand generation. They're black belts at paid search, paid social, email, lifecycle, attribution, and the operational side of pulling leads through a funnel. They diagnose tactical bottlenecks and fix them.

Malcolm's heuristic for which one you need: if you think your story is rock solid and your problem is leads, hire a demand-gen CMO. If you have any doubt that your story is fully fleshed out — long sales cycles, small deal sizes, low ad engagement, weak website conversion, everyone asking for a discount, high churn, long onboarding — hire a strategic CMO. It's easier to nail the story and then bring in execution help than the reverse. "Very few demand-gen people are very good at nailing the story," he says. "They're two mostly mutually exclusive skill sets."

If you don't know which one you need, the diagnostic is in your metrics. Pull six numbers — landing page conversion, ad click-through, win rate, average deal size, discount frequency, churn rate — and see what they tell you. If most of them are weak, you don't have a lead problem. You have a story problem masquerading as one.

What this means for your company

If you're a $5M–$20M B2B SaaS founder and you've been telling yourself you have a lead problem, run Malcolm's diagnostic before you hire anyone. Look at the six numbers. If your win rate is mediocre, your average deal is shrinking, and prospects keep asking for discounts, no amount of demand gen will fix that. The bottleneck is upstream.

If you decide a fractional CMO is the move, hire for the bottleneck you actually have. Ask the candidate which flavor they are. Ask how they onboard. Ask what they refuse to do (a good one will have a list). And lock down — in writing — who's doing tactical execution before you sign.

If the bottleneck is upstream and you don't want to commit to a 12-month retainer to fix it, that's the gap the Pipeline Story Sprint was built for. Ninety days, fixed scope, fixed price, one outcome: positioning, customer story, homepage rebuild, and a 90-day plan your team can run without me. It's not a substitute for ongoing marketing leadership — it's the upstream fix, so whoever runs marketing next isn't pouring gasoline on a broken story.

Where to go from here

If you're still in the "should I hire a fractional CMO at all" stage, start with our cornerstone page on whether you actually need one — it lays out the criteria honestly, including the cases where the answer is no. If you've already decided yes, use this article as your scope-of-work checklist when you interview candidates.

And if you're a founder-led B2B SaaS team and your sales cycle keeps getting longer, your deals keep shrinking, and your homepage keeps converting at 1%, that's not a leadership gap. That's a story gap. The Sprint fixes it in 90 days.

Listen to the full conversation
What's a Fractional CMO and How Do They Deliver?

One of the more interesting business trends is the rise of the fractional executive.

It's the idea that you can someone with skills and experience but not on a full-time basis. It's an intriguing model for companies looking to fill gaps economically.

In this episode of Marketing Spark, I sit down with Malcolm Lewis to explore the fractional CMO (FCMO) model.

We look at the definition of FCMO, what they do, how to hire one, and how to define the rules of engagement.

Malcolm also talk about the value of positioning as a pillar of the B2B marketing foundation.

Learn more about how I help B2B SaaS companies with positioning.